2011年4月27日星期三

중국어의 발음 방법1


중국어의 발음은 声母(성모:자음)와 韵母(운모:모음) 이루어져있다. 모음은 허파로부터 나온 공기. 즉 기류가 성대를 진동시켜 내는 소리로서 입안에서 아무런 방해를 받지 않고 형성되는 소리이다. 예를 들면, 중국어 운모 중 a, e, o, i, u, ü 등이 이에 속한다. 반면 자음의 발음은 모음과 달리, 공기(기류)흐름이 발음기관을 통해 나올 때 입안에서 제한을 받고 마찰을 일으켜 형성되는 소리이다. 각각의 자음은 받는 제한 또한 각기 다르다.
아래에서 자음과 모음에 대해 자세히 살펴보기를 하겠다.
 가. 운모
1.운모으 특징
모음은 발음 시 허파로부터 내품어진 공기(기류)가 성대를 진동시키면서 발음기관 안엣 아무런 장애를 받지 않고 자유롭게 흘러나오는 소리이다. 발은 시 발음기관 각 부분에 들어가는 힘이 비교적 자연스럽게 균형을 이룬다. 아무런 장애를 받지 않고 자유롭게 흘러나오는 소리의 높낮이가 다르다.
 2.운몬의 발은방법(그림과 설명)
(1) a[A]발음
연구개를 올리고 비강을 닫아 성대를 올리면서 소리를 낸다. 입안을 최대한 크게 벌리고 형의 중간부분을 낮게 약간 올린다. 입술의 모양은 자연스럽게 벌리되 둥글지 않게 한다.(옆 그림 참조)
예: shā fā  chá huà  dà mǎ  bái tǎ
    沙发    茶话    大马    白塔

(2) o[o]발음
연구개를 올리고 성대를 올리면서 소리를 낸다. 입을 반쯤 연 채 혀 뒷부분을 액간 올리고, 입술은 모양을 동그랗게 하여 소리를 낸다. “摸,墨,坡,玻”등의 모음이 모두 o 발음이다.
예: mó mò  báo mò  xìn fó  shàng pō
    磨墨    薄膜    信佛    上坡
 (3) e[γ]발음
연구개를 올리고 성다를 울리면서 소리를 낸다. 입안을 반쯤 연 채 혀의 뒤부분을 구강의 중간정도까지 올리고 뒤쪽으로 잡아당기는 느낌으로 혀끝이 아랫니에 닿지않도록 떨어뜨려 소리 낸다. 입슬의 머양은 자연스럽게 하고 입양끝을 좌우로 약간 벌리면서 발음한다. 'e'음은 'o'음과 발음 방법이 같으나 o 음을 발음한 후 그 상태에서 입술만 옆으로 당겨주면 'e'음이 된다. 예를 들면 “俄,饿”는 모두 'e'모음 발음이다.
예: hé gé  kě hè  kè chē  tè sè
    合格   可贺   客车    特色
 (4)u[ u]발음
연구개를 올리고 성대를 울리면서 소리를 낸다. 입안을 거의 닫은 채 혀의 뒷 부분을 높개 올린다. 두 입술을 최대한 동그랗게 모아서 입술사이애 조그만 구멍을 만든 상태에서 입술의 근육을 약간 긴장시켜 소리를 내면 된다.“乌,屋,无,吴”등에모두 u발음이 있다.
예: fù mǔ  hú tu  gǔ shù  kǔ chù
    父母   糊涂   古树   苦处
 (5)i[ i]발음
연구개를 올리고 성대를 울리면서 소리를 낸다. 입안을 거의 닫은 채 혀의 앞 부분을 경구개 쪽으로 높게 올린다. 혀끝을 아랫니 뒤쪽에 대고 입술 은 좌우로 잡아당기는 느낌으로 벌려 소리를 낸다. “衣,椅,一”는 i모음 하나로 이루어진 글자이다.
예: pí qì  yì mǐ    jí tǐ    xī lì
   脾气  薏米     集体    犀利
 (6) ü[y]발음
혀의 위치, 성대, 연한입천장의 움직임은 모두 'i'의 발음 방법과 같고, 다만 입술의 모양을 동그랗게 하여 소리를 낸다. 먼저 'i'를 발음한 후 입술을 동그랗게 오므려 소리를 내면 자연스럽게 ü음을 낼 수 있다 “雨,愚,鱼,遇”등은 모두 ü음으로만 이루어진 글자다.
예: nǚ xu  yǔ jù  qū yù  lǚ jū
   女 婿  雨具   区域   旅馆
 (7) ê[e]발음
연구개를 올리고 성대를 울리면서 소리를 낸다. 입을 거의 닫은 채 혀이 앞 부분으로 약간 올리고 혀끝ㅇㄹ 아랫니 뒤쪽에 오도록 하여 소리를 낸다. 입술의 모양은 좌우로 약간 벌려 소리를 낸다.
ê음은 북경 발음에서는 중복모음 ie, üe, ei 등에서만 사용하고 단독으로는 사용하지 않는다. ie, üe의 ê음은 [e]음보다 좀 낮고 [ε]로 표기한다. ([e], [ε]의중간음으로 [e]보다는 좀 낮고 [ε]보다 좀 높다) ei 중의 [e]음은 ie, üe 의 ê음보다 높다. 그러나 서로간에 발음 차이는 그다지 크지 않아 모드 [e]음으로 간주한다.
[e]음은 ie, üe, ei 등 발음에서만 나타나기 때문에 중국어 병음 표기법(방안)에서 혼간을 막기 위해 [e], [ε], [э]를 모두 e음으로 같이 표기한다.
예: xié jiē  tiě yè  yuè yè  jiě jué  fēi jī    lěi jī  cǎo méi
     斜街   铁叶    月夜    解决   飞机    累积    草莓

(8) e[э]발음
e[э]는 중간모음(央元音)으로 북경어에서 주로 n, ng와 함께 결합(en[эn], eng[эη]) 하여 앞부분의 모음성문을 이룬다. 어미 ‘了’[lэ]의 경우, “他来了”[t‘a laiэ] e[э] 어미‘子’의 경우 “椅子”[itsэ]의 모음 역시 이 음을 사용한다.
e[э]발음시, 연구개를 올라고 성대를 올리면서 소리를 낸다. 입안을 반쯤 연 채입술의 모양은 자연스럽게 하고 혀아 중간부분을 약간 들어올리면서 소리를 낸다. 이 발음은 발음기관에서 고기를 약하게 내보내야 하고 혀는 높지도 낮지도 않은 중간에 위치시켜야 하기 때문에, 이것을 "중성므음"이라고도 칭한다.
 2.권설음
(9) er[э] 또는 [эr](儿)er
이 발음은 혀를 말아서내는 중간모음이다. 말음시, 연구개를 얼리거 성대를 울리면서 소리를 낸다. 입안에서 혀바닥과 혀끝을 동시에 움직여야 한다. 즉혀의 중간 부분ㅇ,ㄹ 약간 얼리면서 동시에 혀끝을 경구개 앞쪽으로 말아 올려준다. 입을 벌리는 정도는 э와 같으며, 입술모양은 자연스럽게 하여 소리를 낸다. “儿,二,耳,尔”등은 er음으로 구성된 글자이다.
예: ér tóng  ěr duo  èr shí  xiǎo hair
    儿童    耳 朵   二 十   小  孩儿
 3.설첨음
(10) i
I은 "설첨전음(舌尖前元音)"으로 연구개를 올리고 성대를 울리면서 소리를 낸다. 입안을 닫은 채 혀끝을 윗니 뒤쪽과 윗잇몸 앞부분 쪽으로 향하고 입술의 양옆으로 약간 벌려 소리를 낸다. 먼저 s음을 길게 낸 후, 혀끝을 윗니 뒤쪽에서 약간씩 천천이 떼면 마찰 없이 i음을 낼 수 있다. “思,私,雌,资”등의 모음 i이다.
예: zì sī  sī xiǎng  gōng zī  sì cì
   自己    思想    工资    四次
 (11)-i
-i은 "설첨후음(舌尖后元音)"으로 연구개를 올리고 성대를 울리면서 소리를 낸다. 입안을 거의 닫으나 -i보다는 약간 열어준다. 혀끝을 경구개 가장 앞부분에 가깝게 대고, 입술의 모양은 양옆으로 약간 벌리면서 소리를 낸다. -i의 소리는 자음 r과 아주 흡사하며, r발음 후 마찰이 들리지 않을 때까지 혀끝을 경구개로부터 천천히 떼면서 소리를 내면 바로 -i음이 된다. “知,至,吃,翅,师,事”의 모음이 모두 -i이다.
예: zhī shi  rì shí  chī shí  shì shí
    知识    日蚀    吃食    事实

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汉语日常会话150句


汉(hàn)语(yǔ)日(rì)常(cháng)会(huì)话(huà)150句(jù)
150 Sentences for Chinese Daily Communication

你(nǐ)好(hǎo)! Hello            再(zài)见(jiàn)! Goodbye
谢(xiè)谢(xiè)! Thanks          不(bú)客(kè)气(qì)! You’re welcome!
对(duì)不(bu)起(qǐ)! I am sorry      没(méi)关(guān)系(xi)!Don’t mention it.

1问(wèn)候(hòu)和(hé)自(zì)我(wǒ)介(jiè)绍(shào) Greetings and Self-Introduction
(1)你好(nǐhǎo)!                        Hello!
(2)我叫桑德兰(wǒjiàosāngdélán)。        My name is Sandra.
(3)你是哪国人(nǐshìnǎguórén)?      What’s your nationality?
(4)我是奥地利人(wǒshìàodìlìrén)。            I am Austrian.
(5)我不是大学生(wǒbùshìdàxuéshēng)。
I am not a university student.
(6)我不会说汉语(wǒbúhuìshuōhànyǔ)。 
    I don’t speak Chinese.
(7)我会说英语(wǒhuìshuōyīngyǔ)。        I can speak English.
(8)我喜欢吃中国菜(wǒxǐhuanchīzhōngguócài)。       
I like Chinese food.
(9)你(nǐ)是(shì)第(dì)一(yī)次(cì)来(lái)重(chóng)庆(qìng)吗(ma)?
Is this your first time in chongqing?
(10)你(nǐ)去(qù)过(guò)广(guǎng)安(ān)吗(ma)?    
Have you been to Guang An
(11)你住哪儿(nǐzhùnǎer)?              Where do you live?
(12)可以告诉我你的电话号码吗(kěyǐgàosùwǒnǐdediànhuàháomǎma)?

Could you tell me your telephone number?
(13)我的电话是(wǒdediànhuàshì)60728915。
My telephone number is 60728915.
(13)认识你很高兴(rènshinǐhěngāoxìng)。
I’m pleased to meet you.
(14)我也很高兴(wǒyěhěngāoxìng)。再见(zàijiàn)!
I’m pleased to meet you, too. Bye!

2点菜和结帐(diǎncàihéjiézhàng) Ordering Dishes & Paying the Bill
(1)你们吃什么(nǐmenchīshénme)? What would you like to eat?
(2)有西兰花吗(yǒuxīlánhuāma)?        Do you have broccoli?
(3)这里面是什么(zhèlǐmiànshìshénme)?    What’s inside?
(4)要这个(yàozhège)。                I want this (one).
(5)要两瓶啤酒(yàoliǎngpíngpíjiǔ),三碗米饭(sānwǎnmǐfàn)。
I would like two bottles of beer and three bowls of rice.
(6)米(mǐ)饭(fàn)跟(gēn)菜(cài)一(yì)起(qǐ)上(shàng)。
I would like to have the dishes served along with the rice.
(7)还要什么(háiyàoshénme)?          Anything else?
(8)就要这些(jiùyàozhèxiē)。            That is all I want.
(9)不要了(búyàole)。             I don’t want anything else.
(10)我们不吃肉(wǒmenbúchīròu)。      We don’t eat meat.
(11)再来一瓶可乐(zàiláiyīpíngkělè)!      One more cola, please!
(12)请等一下儿(qǐngděngyīxiàer)。      Wait a minute, please.
(13)买单(mǎidān)!                 The bill, please!
(14)要发票(yàofāpiào)。              I would like a receipt.
(15)可以打包吗(kěyǐdǎbāoma)?
Can you pack the leftover food for me?


3买(mǎi)东(dōng)西(xī)Shopping
(1)您要买什么(nínyàomǎishénme)?
What would you like (to buy)?
(2)我看看(wǒkànkan)。              I’m just having a look.
(3)这个多少钱(zhègeduōshǎoqián)?      How much is this?
(4)打折吗(dǎshéma)?              Is there any discount?
(5)太贵了(tàiguìle)!                    It’s too expensive!
(6)便宜一点儿行吗(piányiyìdiǎnerxíngma)? 
Could you give me a reduction?
(7)是不是真丝的(shìbushìzhēnsīde)?         Is it pure silk?
(8)有大一点儿的吗(yǒudàyìdiǎnerdema)?    
Do you have a larger one?
(9)还有别的颜色的吗(háiyǒubiédeyánsèdema)?
Do you have it in any other colors?
(10)你穿多大的(nǐchuānduōdàde)?     What size do you take?
(11)有没有更好的(yǒumeiyǒugènghǎode)? 
Have you get a nicer one?
(12)能换一个吗(nénghuànyígèma)?    
Could you let me see another one?
(13)这(zhè)是(shì)什(shén)么(me)材(cái)料(liào)的(de)? 
What is made of?
(14)我喜欢这条裤子(wǒxǐhuanzhètiáokùzǐ)。   I like this trouser.
(15)可以试试吗(kěyǐshìshìma)?              May I try it on?

4.打(dǎ)车(chē)                         Take a taxi
(1)你要去哪儿(nǐyàoqùnǎer)?           Where are you going?
(2)去(qù)超(chāo)市(shì)。           I’m going to supermarket.
(3)请开一下后备箱(qǐngkāiyíxiàhòubèixiāng)。
Please open the trunk
(4)你(nǐ)知(zhī)道(dào)怎(zěn)么(me)去(qù)西(xī)南(nán)大(dà)学(xué)吗(ma)?
Do you know how to get to the Southwest University?
(5)请快一点(qǐngkuàiyìdiǎn)。        Please go a little faster.
(6)我有急事(wǒyǒujíshì)。                  I’m in a hurry
(7)请(qǐng)你(nǐ)不(bú)要(yào)太(tài)快(kuài),我(wǒ)害(hài)怕(pà)。
                Please don’t go too fast, I’m scared.
(8)大(dà)概(gài)要(yào)多(duō)长(cháng)时(shí)间(jiān)?
Roughly how long does it take?
(9)四(sì)点(diǎn)能(néng)到(dào)吗(ma)? Can we arrive by 4 o’clock?
(10)你(nǐ)能(néng)停(tíng)一(yí)下(xià)吗(ma)?
Can you stop for a short while?
(11)你能等我十分钟吗(nǐnéngděngwǒshífēnzhōngma)?
Can you wait for me about 10 minutes?
(12)你有一块钱吗(nǐyǒuyīkuàiqiánma)? So you have one Yuan?
(13)去飞机场多少钱(qùfēijīchǎngduōshǎoqián)?
How much does it cost to get to the airport?
(14)到了(dàole),下车吧(xiàchēba)!
Here we are. You may get out.
(15)对不起(duìbuqǐ),我没带零钱(wǒméidàilíngqián)。
Sorry, I do not have any small change on me.

5.问路(wènlù) Asking for Directions.
(1)请问(qǐngwèn),邮局在哪儿(yóujúzàinǎer)?
Excuse me, where is the post office?
(2) 怎(zěn)么(me)去(qù)解(jiě)放(fàng)碑(bēi)
How do we get to the Jiefangbei?
(3) 厕(cè)所(suǒ)在(zài)什(shén)么(me)地(dì)方(fāng)?
Where is the washroom?
(4)这儿附近有饭馆吗(zhèerfùjìnyǒufànguǎnma)?
Are there any restaurants near here?
(5)哪儿有网吧(nǎeryǒuwǎngbā)?
Where can we find an Internet bar?
(6)哪儿可以发传真(nǎerkěyǐfāchuánzhēn)? 
Where can I send a fax?
(7)去(qù)图(tú)书(shū)馆(guǎn)怎(zěn)么(me)走(zǒu)?
How can I get to library?
(8)这(zhè)趟(tàng)车(chē)去(qù)不(bù)去(qù)机(jī)场(chǎng)?
Does this bus go to airport?
(9)向前走(xiàngqiánzǒu)。            Go straight ahead.
(10)往左拐(wǎngzuǒguǎi)。                  Turn left.
(11)你得去马路对面上车(nǐdéqùmǎlùduìmiànshàngchē)。
You have to cross the road to take the bus。
(12)这是什么地方(zhèshìshénmedìfāng)? What place is this?
(13)我们现在在哪儿(wǒmenxiànzàizàinǎer)? Where are we now?
(14)这边还是那边(zhèbiānháishìnàbiān)?       
This side or the other side?
(15) 去(qù)缙(jìn)云(yún)山(shān)在(zài)哪(nǎ)里(li)下(xià)车(chē)?
Where do I get off for YinYun Mountain?


6.问时间(wènshíjiān)   Asking the Time
(1)现在几点(xiànzàijǐdiǎn)?        What time is it now?
(2)今天几号(jīntiānjǐhào)?          What is the date today?
(3)明天星期几(míngtiānxīngqījǐ)?    What day is tomorrow?
(4)你什么时候有空儿(nǐshénmeshíhòuyǒukònger)?
When do you have free time?
(5)周末我没有时间(zhōumòwǒméiyǒushíjiān)。
I do not have free time at the weekend.
(6)你们从几点到几点上班(nǐmencóngjǐdiǎndàojǐdiǎnshàng)?
When do you start and finish work?
(7)我明天九点来找你(wǒmíngtiānjiǔdiǎnláizhǎonǐ)。
Tomorrow at nine o’clock I’ll come to meet you.
(8)请你今天晚上八点以后给我打电话(qǐngnǐjīntiānwǎnshangbādiǎnyǐ)。
Please give me a telephone call after 8 p.m this evening.
(9)你等了多久了(nǐděngleduōjiǔle)?       
How long have you been waiting?
(10)我们在这儿学习一个月(wǒmenzàizhèerxuéxíyígèyuè)。
We will study here for one month.
(11)火车几点开(huǒchējǐdiǎnkāi)?          
What time dose the train leave?
(12)飞机什么时候起飞(fēijīshénmeshíhòuqǐfēi)?
When dose the plane take off?
(13)明天几点到上海(míngtiānjǐdiǎndàoshànghǎi)?
What time will you arrive in Shanghai tomorrow?
(14)你们哪天回国(nǐmennǎtiānhuíguó)?
When will you return to your country?
(15)你打算什么时候再来(nǐdǎsuanshénmeshíhòuzàilái)?
When do you intend to come back?


7寄信和明信片(jìxìnhémíngxìnpiàn)Sending Letters and Postcards
(1)我要寄一封信(wǒyàojìyīfēngxìn)。 I would like to send a letter.
(2)挂号信还是平信(guàhàoxìnháishìpíngxìn)?
Is it a registered or surface letter?
(3)寄到美国要多少钱(jìdàoměiguóyàoduōshǎoqián)?
How much does it cost to send it to America?
(4)买五张八毛的邮票(mǎiwǔzhāngbāmáodeyóupiào)。
I want to buy five 8-mao stamps.
(5)寄一张明信片多少钱(jìyīzhāngmíngxìnpiànduōshǎoqi)?
How much dose it cost to send a postcard?
(6)到奥地利(dàoàodìlì),不是澳大利亚(búshìàodàlìyà)。
Please send it to Austria, not Australia.
(7)这儿能寄包裹吗(zhèernéngjìbāoguǒma)?    
Can I send parcels here?
(8)里面是礼物(lǐmiànshìlǐwù)。        There are presents inside it.
(9)还用看吗(háiyòngkànma)? Do you still need to check it?
(10)打开看一下(dǎkāikànyíxià)。
Please open it and let me have a look.
(11)有好看的邮票吗(yǒuhǎokàndeyóupiàoma)?
Do you have any beautiful stamps?
(12)特快专递得多少钱(tèkuàizhuāndìdéduōshǎoqián)?
How much is it by express delivery?
(13)什(shén)么(me)时(shí)候(hòu)能(néng)到(dào)? 
When will it be delivered?
(14)给我一张包裹单(gěiwǒyīzhāngbāoguǒdān)。
Give me a parcel form, please.
(15)我们这儿得邮政编码是多少(wǒmenzhèerdéyóuzhèngbiānmǎshì)?
What is the post code of this area?


8打电话(dǎdiànhuà) Making Telephone Calls
(1)喂(wèi),找谁(zhǎoshuí)? Hello! Who are you looking for?
(2)请(qǐng)问(wèn),桑(sāng)德(dé)拉(lá)在(zài)吗(ma)?
Excuse me, is Sandra there?
(3)她现在不在(tāxiànzàibùzài)。     She is not here right now.
(4)你打(nǐdǎ)60437852。      Call the number 60437852.
(5)打错了(dǎcuòle)。        You’ve got the wrong number.
(6)占线(zhànxiàn)。                   The line is busy.
(7)没人接(méirénjiē)。                   Nobody answered.
(8)大堂吗(dàtángma)?请接(qǐngjiē)912房间(fángjiān)。
Is that reception? Please put me through to Room 912.
(9)能转告他吗(néngzhuǎngàotāma)? 
Can you take a message?
(10)可以留言吗(kěyǐliúyánma)?     Can I leave a message?
(11)请他给我回电话(qǐngtāgěiwǒhuídiànhuà)。号码是(hàomǎshì)……
Ask him to call me back. My number is …
(12)请你过一会儿再打来(qǐngnǐguòyìhuìerzàidǎlái)。
Please call again in a few minutes.
(13)我听不见(wǒtīngbùjiàn)。                I can’t hear you.
(14)请你大声点儿(qǐngnǐdàshēngdiǎnér)。     Louder, please.
(15)你可以打他的手机(nǐkěyǐdǎtādeshǒujī),号(hào)码(mǎ)是(shì)……
You may call him on his mobile phone. The number is


9 请求帮助(qǐngqiúbāngzhù)Asking for help
(1)对不起(duìbuqǐ),我要下车(wǒyàoxiàchē)。 
Excuse me, I want to get off.
(2)你能帮我一个忙吗(nǐnéngbāngwǒyígèmángma)?
Can you do me a favor?
(3)麻烦你帮帮我吧(máfannǐbāngbāngwǒba)! 
Could you help me?
(4)你有什么事(nǐyǒushénmeshì)?    What can I do for you?
(5)你怎么了(nǐzěnmele)?               What’s the matter?
(6)请送我去医院(qǐngsòngwǒqùyīyuàn)。       
Please take me to the hospital.
(7)请帮我打(qǐngbāngwǒdǎ)110。Please call the police on 110.
(8)快叫警察(kuàijiàojǐngchá)! Call the police immediately!
(9)救命(jiùmìng)!                         Help!
(10)怎么办(zěnmebàn)?                   What can I do?
(11)我迷路了(wǒmílùle)。                     I’m lost.
(12)我的车票丢了(wǒdechēpiàodiūle)。       
I have lost may train/bus ticket.
(13)可以用一下你的电话吗(kěyǐyòngyíxiànǐdediànhuàma)?
May I use your telephone?
(14)你真是太好了(nǐzhēnshìtàihǎole)。   That’s very kind of you.
(15)非常感谢(fēichánggǎnxiè)! Thank you very much indeed!


10   告别(gàobié) Saying Goodbye
(1)时间过得真快(shíjiānguòdézhēnkuài)。        Time dose fly.
(2)我们来跟您告别(wǒmenláigēnníngàobié)。
We have come to say goodbye to you.
(3)这是一个小礼物(zhèshìyígèxiǎolǐwù),请收下(qǐngshōuxià)。
This is a small gift, please accept it.
(4)希(xī)望(wàng)你(nǐ)喜(xǐ)欢(huan)。        Hope you like it.
(5)你(nǐ)给(gěi)了(le)我(wǒ)很(hěn)多(duō)帮(bāng)助(zhù)。
You’ve given me a lot of help.
(6)感谢你为我们做的一切(gǎnxiènǐwéiwǒmenzuòdeyíqiè)。
Thank you for everything you have done for us.
(7)希望以后还能再见面(xīwàngyǐhòuháinéngzàijiànmiàn)。
Hope we’ll see each again.
(8)希望能再来这儿学习(xīwàngnéngzàiláizhèerxuéxí)。
I hope I can come here to study again.
(9)能给我您得联系地址吗(nénggěiwǒníndéliánxìdìzhǐma)?
Could you give me your address?
(10)你有电子邮件地址吗(nǐyǒudiànzǐyóujiàndìzhǐma)?
Do you have an e-mail address?
(11)你有机会来我国一定告诉我(nǐyǒujīhuìláiwǒguóyídìnggàosù)。
If you have a chance to come to my country, do let me know.
(12)请你一定给我写信(qǐngnǐyídìnggěiwǒxiěxìn)。
Please do write to me.
(13)我(wǒ)会(huì)想(xiǎng) 你(nǐ)的(de)。             I’ll miss you.
(14)保持联系(bǎochíliánxì)。                   Keep in touch.
(15)友谊地久天长(yǒuyìdìjiǔtiāncháng)。       
May our friendship last forever.
http://www.youngerchinese.com/
扬格汉语学校

중국 음식: 궈우쿠이(锅盔)

 중국 음식: 궈우쿠이(锅盔) 
 
궈우쿠이(guō kuī) 우리 말로 하면 호떡이다 . 크기가 솥뚜껑만한 궈우쿠이는 당나라시기 , 측천무후가 남편 당고종의 무덤 - 건능을 만들때병사들이 생활의 편리와 식사시간의 단축을 위하여 밀가루를 반죽하여 자기가 쓰던 투구에 다져넣고 구워낸것이 최초의 호떡이라고 한다 . 
  
 후에는 음식문화의 발전에 따라서 원래의 투구모양의 호떡으로부터 지금의 솥뚜껑모양의 호떡으로 변하였다 한다 . 반죽할때 원래 물을 적게 넣고 구워내는만큼 질기고 구수하며  호떡 자체가 함수량이 적고 현지 기후가 건조한만큼 오래 보존할수 있다 .

2011年4月26日星期二

Learn Chinese culture online: The History of Chinese Food

The history of Chinese cuisine in China traced back to Peking Man and his use of fire and the invention of "cuisine" some 400,000 years ago. Some other accounts of the history of Chinese cuisine takes the beginning to the Chinese stone age, where the cultivation of rice and the production of noodles, both typical representations of Chinese cuisine as it is known today, are understood from archaeological findings.
The history of Chinese food is an interesting one. Unlike many cultures the Chinese believe that the preparation of food is an art and not simply a craft. The art of cooking Chinese food can include dishes and food preparation techniques which are difficult to develop and may require the expertise of a chef with lots of experience. One suchtechnique is noodle pulling (scroll down to the bottom of the page to learn more about this technique). Noodle pulling requires skill and lots of practice and results in a delicious noodle dish. This article will refer to noodle pulling later on, but for now, let’s go back to the history of Chinese food.

Chinese food and the way it is prepared is very much influenced by the two major philosophies, which influence the entireChinese culture. These dominant philosophies are Confucianism and Taoism. Both have these philosophies have influenced the way that the Chinese people cook and the way that they enjoy their food.


扬格汉语              
2011.4.26             

2011年4月20日星期三

Learn Chinese: Noodle with Fried Bean Sauce (Zhajiangmian)

http://en.youngerchinese.com/news.php?id=163

s a specialty of Beijing,China  "zhajiangmian" (noodle with fried bean sauce) is cooked by mixing noodles with vegetables and fried bean sauce. Chop up and cook cucumbers, tender leaves of Chinese toon, bean sprouts, string beans, and soybeans, so that they will be mixed with noodles later. Then prepare the fried bean sauce by first oil-frying diced meat with shallot and ginger, adding soybean sauce or sweet fermented flour sauce, and then further frying them. Stew the noodles, take them out of the boiler, pour the fried bean source on the noodles, and mix them with prepared vegetables. This is how "zhajiangmian" are cooked. On occasion, after noodles are taken out of the boiler, marinate them in cold water before mixing them with fried sauce and vegetables, which is known as "guoshuimian (noodles cooled with water)," or "liangmian (cold noodles)."
 
   In addition, there are noodles with fried bean sauce in Hebei, Shanghai, Guangdong, and Northeast
China, which are cooked in different ways. Such noodles could also be found in South Korea, which were introduced by overseas Chinese. In South Korea, black bean sauce is used as seasoning, and noodles are mixed with onion, shrimps, and meat. Noodles with fried bean sauce are also sold in high-ranking restaurants in Japan. But they are laid out in quite an exquisite manner, with noodles in the central dish, green shredded cucumber at the rim of the surrounding plates, and yellow scrambled eggs in the core of the plate. Finally, there is purple fried bean sauce in the middle of it. The whole layout looks like a tray of craftwork. 
www.hskbbs.com

 扬格汉语     

Learn Chinese: Vinegar Culture in China

  China was the first country in the world to make vinegar from grain. The written history of vinegar can be traced back to the 8th century BC. During the Spring and Autumn Period, professional vinegar workshop had appeared. The book Qi Min Yao Shu written in Northern Wei Dynasty (AD386-534) collected altogether 22 vinegar production methods, some of which are still in use. In ancient times, vinegar was also called “bitter wine”, “acid wine”, “rice vinegar”, etc. The old saying “Firewood, rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and tea are indispensable in our daily life” indicates that vinegar has played an important role in the life of the Chinese throughout the ages.
  As a story goes, a man named Heita, son of Du Kang, wine inventor in China’s Xia Dynasty (c. 21st century-16th century BC) invented vinegar. Heita learned the wine brewing technology from his father and thought it wasteful to just throw the wine lees away, so he stored them in a jar. When he opened the jar some time later, an unknown aroma filled his nostrils. Lured by such a full-bodied aroma, Heita couldn’t help tasting it. It was very delicious with both sourness and sweetness. Then he kept it as a seasoning which was later named “vinegar”.
  China has vast territory, abundant resources, and different climates between its south and north. In the long term of productive practice, Chinese locals in different areas created diverse vinegar-making methods and vinegar products of local features, such as Shanxi mature vinegar, Zhenjiang black rice vinegar, Yongchun aged vinegar, Sichuan Baoning bran vinegar, Jiangzhe (referring to Jiangsu and Zhejiang) rose vinegar, Kazuo aged vinegar, Beijing fumigated vinegar, Shanghai rice vinegar, Dandong white vinegar, and Sichuan tribute vinegar. Vinegar is not only a seasoning but is also one of the daily necessities.
  Vinegar also has medical value. Ancient book The Prescriptions for Fifty-two Diseases unearthed in Changsha’s Mawangdui of Hunan Province is the earliest book centering on prescription ever found in China. It provides in detail how vinegar was used to treat burns, hernia, gangrene, ringworm, dog bites, etc. Vinegar can relieve fatigue, delay senility, prevent obesity, beautify skin, soften veins, reduce blood fat and cholesterol, and lower the incidence of hepatic diseases. The curing and health-preserving effects of vinegar can also be found in Ben Cao Bei Yao and Ben Cao Gang Mu, historic Chinese medical books . In Japan, “Less salt, more vinegar” is listed second in its Ten Longevity Rules.

 扬格汉语           

2011年4月15日星期五

关于新、旧HSK分数对应关系的说明

关于新、旧HSK分数对应关系的说明[来源]    国家汉办 [发表时间]    2011-04-14 11:43:01  

    根据教育部教外厅[2010]2号教育部办公厅关于外国留学生可凭《新汉语水平考试(HSK)成绩报告》注册入学的通知,外国留学生凭《新汉语水平考试(HSK)成绩报告》可注册入本科专业学习新HSK四级的及格线180分,作为中国政府奖学金理学、工学、农学、医学(西医)、经济学、法学、管理学、教育学等学科专业的高校入学的最低汉语能力标准。
    新汉语水平考试(HSK)是基于从结构主义到交际主义语言学理论的新发展和交际语言测试理论的新成果,以“考教结合”作为考试设计新理念,填补旧HSK低端空白、延续旧HSK高端考试,自成体系、适应汉语国际推广形势不断发展的新汉语考试。
尽管新HSK考试自成体系,设计理念也与旧HSK完全不同,但为保持汉语水平考试和来华留学生教育政策的延续性,为了方便考生报考新HSK,也为了给来华留学生入院、系学习提供依据。根据对新、旧HSK考试和新旧HSK共同组测试结果进行的统计分析和研究,可得到新旧HSK分数的对应关系如下表。

http://www.hskbbs.com/redirect.php?tid=2828&goto=lastpost#lastpost

2011年4月13日星期三

Younger Chinese School

    Younger Chinese, which was fuounded by Matai Tianshi Investment Foundation, is a Chinese-learning project for foreigners to learn Chinese.
With the popularity of Chinese learning and the ending of 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, China has become a focus for more and more intent gazes, thus, the mysterious Chinese language and its culture attract a great number of foreigners who are thronging into China and learning its language.

     China is not only the best place for foreigners to learn Chinese, but also where to get the best Chinese teachers. In order to carry foward Chinese culture and help foreigners learn Chinese much better and more accurately, Matai Tianshi Investment Foundation starts the “Younger Chinese Project”---- employing most qualified teachers to teach foreign friends Chinese.
     Younger Chinese include curricula like Younger Adult Chinese Courses,Younger Teen ager Chinese Courses,Younger Kids Chinese Courses and other special courses about Chinese culture.All courses are tailored to foreigners. Our “Younger Chinese Project” has covered many countries including some English-speaking countries like Austrilia, America, Canada and so on, as well as some Asian countries, such as Japan, Korea and Tailand.We are aiming at spreading the ancient and mysterious Chinese culture all around the world.

     Free chinese level test, personalized learning program designing, one-by-one or many-by-one teaching mode, true VIP teaching, multi-media interactive learning, course consultant tracking,lifetime free guidance……

     Younger Chinese,with the full support of Success Younger Language Institute,will surely provide the best courses for foreigners who are intersted in China and Chinese!

      Add    : HuaPu building,22F, No.65 ,HongKong Middle Road,Shinan distict,Qingdao China
      Tel
:+86 532 88860857            MSN:youngerchinese@hotmail.com
      QQ 535018483
28408929

http://www.youngerchinese.com/

http://en.youngerchinese.com/